Thanks to Marcus Lindroos
The Moonbase Computer is identified by several terms which are used in different episodes.
The 1970s audience would assume that the "Main Computer", the computer wall in Main Mission/Command Center, and the Computer Room are massive mainframes. The modular panel designs suggest more modular networked components. The scenes where Alphans open panels to pull out circuit boards to replace them is equivalent to components on sliding rails in modern rack-mounts (the dimensions originally established by 1920s telephony equipment) or even blade enclosures; the moonbase computer 2 x 8 panel configuration is essentially a variation of a rack in modern data center.
Although Computer seems to be based on fairly primitive mid-1970s technology, it nonetheless provides some impressive services including speech recognition and rudimentary artificial intelligence/"expert system" applications (see below).
Although the Alphans are very dependent on the Central Computer, there are many examples where they prefer to use something else.
Despite all the computing power available, Bergman uses a slide rule in The Testament Of Arkadia.
Note the use of a typewriter in Dragon's Domain (and Koenig handwriting his log in The Testament Of Arkadia).
Helena uses a large dedicated log recorder in Year 2 which sits on its own trolley. This seems to be a standalone computer (it should be possible to record directly into Main Computer via a commlock or normal X5 panel microphone, but perhaps for security reasons Helena prefers an unconnected dedicated system). More.
Copyright Martin Willey
Thanks to Marcus Lindroos